线条样式

简单的线条样式可以使用字符串“solid”、“dotted”、“dashed”或“dashdot”来定义。通过提供虚线元组 (offset, (on_off_seq)) 可以实现更精细的控制。例如，(0, (3, 10, 1, 15)) 表示（3pt 线，10pt 空格，1pt 线，15pt 空格），没有偏移，而 (5, (10, 3)) 表示（10pt 线，3pt 空格），但跳过前 5pt 线。另请参阅 Line2D.set_linestyle。“dotted”、“dashed”和“dashdot”样式的特定开/关序列是可配置的

• rcParams["lines.dotted_pattern"] （默认值：[1.0, 1.65]）

• rcParams["lines.dashed_pattern"] （默认值：[3.7, 1.6]）

• rcParams["lines.dashdot_pattern"] （默认值：[6.4, 1.6, 1.0, 1.6]）

注意：虚线样式也可以通过 Line2D.set_dashes 进行配置，如 虚线样式配置 中所示，并使用关键字 *dashes* 将虚线序列列表传递给 property_cycle 中的循环器。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

linestyle_str = [
     ('solid', 'solid'),      # Same as (0, ()) or '-'
     ('dotted', 'dotted'),    # Same as ':'
     ('dashed', 'dashed'),    # Same as '--'
     ('dashdot', 'dashdot')]  # Same as '-.'

linestyle_tuple = [
     ('loosely dotted',        (0, (1, 10))),
     ('dotted',                (0, (1, 5))),
     ('densely dotted',        (0, (1, 1))),

     ('long dash with offset', (5, (10, 3))),
     ('loosely dashed',        (0, (5, 10))),
     ('dashed',                (0, (5, 5))),
     ('densely dashed',        (0, (5, 1))),

     ('loosely dashdotted',    (0, (3, 10, 1, 10))),
     ('dashdotted',            (0, (3, 5, 1, 5))),
     ('densely dashdotted',    (0, (3, 1, 1, 1))),

     ('dashdotdotted',         (0, (3, 5, 1, 5, 1, 5))),
     ('loosely dashdotdotted', (0, (3, 10, 1, 10, 1, 10))),
     ('densely dashdotdotted', (0, (3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1)))]


def plot_linestyles(ax, linestyles, title):
    X, Y = np.linspace(0, 100, 10), np.zeros(10)
    yticklabels = []

    for i, (name, linestyle) in enumerate(linestyles):
        ax.plot(X, Y+i, linestyle=linestyle, linewidth=1.5, color='black')
        yticklabels.append(name)

    ax.set_title(title)
    ax.set(ylim=(-0.5, len(linestyles)-0.5),
           yticks=np.arange(len(linestyles)),
           yticklabels=yticklabels)
    ax.tick_params(left=False, bottom=False, labelbottom=False)
    ax.spines[:].set_visible(False)

    # For each line style, add a text annotation with a small offset from
    # the reference point (0 in Axes coords, y tick value in Data coords).
    for i, (name, linestyle) in enumerate(linestyles):
        ax.annotate(repr(linestyle),
                    xy=(0.0, i), xycoords=ax.get_yaxis_transform(),
                    xytext=(-6, -12), textcoords='offset points',
                    color="blue", fontsize=8, ha="right", family="monospace")


fig, (ax0, ax1) = plt.subplots(2, 1, figsize=(7, 8), height_ratios=[1, 3],
                               layout='constrained')

plot_linestyles(ax0, linestyle_str[::-1], title='Named linestyles')
plot_linestyles(ax1, linestyle_tuple[::-1], title='Parametrized linestyles')

plt.show()

标签：样式：线条样式 目的：参考