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在错误条中包含上界和下界#
在 Matplotlib 中，错误条可以有“界限”。对错误条应用界限实际上使错误单向。因此，可以通过 uplims、lolims、xuplims 和 xlolims 参数分别在 y 方向和 x 方向应用上界和下界。这些参数可以是标量或布尔数组。
例如，如果 xlolims 为 True，则 x 方向的错误条将只从数据点延伸到值增大的方向。如果 uplims 是一个数组，其中除第 4 个和第 7 个值外，所有值都为 False，则所有 y 方向的错误条都将是双向的，除了第 4 个和第 7 个条，它们将从数据点延伸到 y 值减小的方向。
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
# example data
x = np.array([0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0])
y = np.exp(-x)
xerr = 0.1
yerr = 0.2
# lower & upper limits of the error
lolims = np.array([0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0], dtype=bool)
uplims = np.array([0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1], dtype=bool)
ls = 'dotted'
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(7, 4))
# standard error bars
ax.errorbar(x, y, xerr=xerr, yerr=yerr, linestyle=ls)
# including upper limits
ax.errorbar(x, y + 0.5, xerr=xerr, yerr=yerr, uplims=uplims,
linestyle=ls)
# including lower limits
ax.errorbar(x, y + 1.0, xerr=xerr, yerr=yerr, lolims=lolims,
linestyle=ls)
# including upper and lower limits
ax.errorbar(x, y + 1.5, xerr=xerr, yerr=yerr,
lolims=lolims, uplims=uplims,
marker='o', markersize=8,
linestyle=ls)
# Plot a series with lower and upper limits in both x & y
# constant x-error with varying y-error
xerr = 0.2
yerr = np.full_like(x, 0.2)
yerr[[3, 6]] = 0.3
# mock up some limits by modifying previous data
xlolims = lolims
xuplims = uplims
lolims = np.zeros_like(x)
uplims = np.zeros_like(x)
lolims[[6]] = True # only limited at this index
uplims[[3]] = True # only limited at this index
# do the plotting
ax.errorbar(x, y + 2.1, xerr=xerr, yerr=yerr,
xlolims=xlolims, xuplims=xuplims,
uplims=uplims, lolims=lolims,
marker='o', markersize=8,
linestyle='none')
# tidy up the figure
ax.set_xlim((0, 5.5))
ax.set_title('Errorbar upper and lower limits')
plt.show()
