绘制跨越轴的区域#

axhspan 和 axvspan 绘制在水平或垂直方向上跨越轴，并在另一方向上受限的矩形。它们通常用于突出显示数据区域。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

fig, (ax1, ax2) = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(7, 3))

np.random.seed(19680801)
s = 2.9 * np.convolve(np.random.randn(500), np.ones(30) / 30, mode='valid')
ax1.plot(s)
ax1.axhspan(-1, 1, alpha=0.1)
ax1.set(ylim=(-1.5, 1.5), title="axhspan")


mu = 8
sigma = 2
x = np.linspace(0, 16, 401)
y = np.exp(-((x-mu)**2)/(2*sigma**2))
ax2.axvspan(mu-2*sigma, mu-sigma, color='0.95')
ax2.axvspan(mu-sigma, mu+sigma, color='0.9')
ax2.axvspan(mu+sigma, mu+2*sigma, color='0.95')
ax2.axvline(mu, color='darkgrey', linestyle='--')
ax2.plot(x, y)
ax2.set(title="axvspan")

plt.show()