带状框

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

from matplotlib import cbook
from matplotlib import colors as mcolors
from matplotlib.image import AxesImage
from matplotlib.transforms import Bbox, BboxTransformTo, TransformedBbox


class RibbonBox:

    original_image = plt.imread(
        cbook.get_sample_data("Minduka_Present_Blue_Pack.png"))
    cut_location = 70
    b_and_h = original_image[:, :, 2:3]
    color = original_image[:, :, 2:3] - original_image[:, :, 0:1]
    alpha = original_image[:, :, 3:4]
    nx = original_image.shape[1]

    def __init__(self, color):
        rgb = mcolors.to_rgb(color)
        self.im = np.dstack(
            [self.b_and_h - self.color * (1 - np.array(rgb)), self.alpha])

    def get_stretched_image(self, stretch_factor):
        stretch_factor = max(stretch_factor, 1)
        ny, nx, nch = self.im.shape
        ny2 = int(ny*stretch_factor)
        return np.vstack(
            [self.im[:self.cut_location],
             np.broadcast_to(
                 self.im[self.cut_location], (ny2 - ny, nx, nch)),
             self.im[self.cut_location:]])


class RibbonBoxImage(AxesImage):
    zorder = 1

    def __init__(self, ax, bbox, color, *, extent=(0, 1, 0, 1), **kwargs):
        super().__init__(ax, extent=extent, **kwargs)
        self._bbox = bbox
        self._ribbonbox = RibbonBox(color)
        self.set_transform(BboxTransformTo(bbox))

    def draw(self, renderer):
        stretch_factor = self._bbox.height / self._bbox.width

        ny = int(stretch_factor*self._ribbonbox.nx)
        if self.get_array() is None or self.get_array().shape[0] != ny:
            arr = self._ribbonbox.get_stretched_image(stretch_factor)
            self.set_array(arr)

        super().draw(renderer)


def main():
    fig, ax = plt.subplots()

    years = np.arange(2004, 2009)
    heights = [7900, 8100, 7900, 6900, 2800]
    box_colors = [
        (0.8, 0.2, 0.2),
        (0.2, 0.8, 0.2),
        (0.2, 0.2, 0.8),
        (0.7, 0.5, 0.8),
        (0.3, 0.8, 0.7),
    ]

    for year, h, bc in zip(years, heights, box_colors):
        bbox0 = Bbox.from_extents(year - 0.4, 0., year + 0.4, h)
        bbox = TransformedBbox(bbox0, ax.transData)
        ax.add_artist(RibbonBoxImage(ax, bbox, bc, interpolation="bicubic"))
        ax.annotate(str(h), (year, h), va="bottom", ha="center")

    ax.set_xlim(years[0] - 0.5, years[-1] + 0.5)
    ax.set_ylim(0, 10000)

    background_gradient = np.zeros((2, 2, 4))
    background_gradient[:, :, :3] = [1, 1, 0]
    background_gradient[:, :, 3] = [[0.1, 0.3], [0.3, 0.5]]  # alpha channel
    ax.imshow(background_gradient, interpolation="bicubic", zorder=0.1,
              extent=(0, 1, 0, 1), transform=ax.transAxes)

    plt.show()


main()